Solution: Planning of constructed wetlands
Solution: Planning of constructed wetlands
Ing. Robert Schmidt MSc.
Ingenieurbüro Moser GmbH
Planning of constructed wetlands
Planning of constructed wetlands
Planning of constructed wetlands
Especially for remote properties or exposed mountain huts, the planning of constructed wetlands is an ecological and cost-effective solution for wastewater disposal. Often, there is no sewer available or the connection costs are significantly higher than those for a constructed wetland. With our engineering office, we also plan and design your constructed wetland.
Natural wastewater treatment
A constructed wetland is by far the most natural method of wastewater treatment. It is characterized by low energy consumption, but requires a lot of operating space. Once the plants have successfully grown, the system can function so well with careful operation that it is hardly recognizable as a wastewater system. Often, the system then appears in the landscape as nothing more than a kind of biotope at the edge of the garden.
Authorities now take a very positive view of these systems, which are often even eligible for subsidies. Construction costs can be reduced through personal contribution.
In any case, planning by an expert is required for approval. We plan and monitor the implementation of the system in a product-neutral manner.
In a constructed wetland, the wastewater is pre-treated to remove solids and then fed through a feed shaft into the distribution system on the plant bed. The soil of the plant bed contains gravel or sand. The bacteria and microorganisms that colonize the cavities perform the biological purification. During the growing season, the plants also utilize the nutrients and release moisture through evaporation. From a legal perspective, the purified wastewater may be discharged into a sufficiently water-bearing receiving water (body of water) without further restrictions, provided that the emission limits are complied with.
Operation of constructed wetlands (small wastewater treatment plants)
The following points must generally be taken into account to ensure that a constructed wetland is operated in accordance with the relevant regulations and legislation:
- The plant operator must carry out weekly/monthly operational checksand keep an operational log.
- If no in-house sewage treatment personnel are available for annual maintenance of the plant, a maintenance contractmust be concluded with an authorized specialist company.
- In the case of external monitoring, the function and cleaning performance of the plant must be verified once a year under increased load (this is usually carried out by the same company as part of the maintenance contract).
- Proper sewage sludge disposal, including verification.
- The system must be inspected by a specialist at least every 5 years in accordance with § 134 WRG 1959 as amended (Austria). The findings must be submitted (online) to the competent authority without being requested to do so.
Normative principles (Austria)
- ÖNORM B 2502-1: Small sewage treatment plants (domestic sewage treatment plants) for plants up to 50 population equivalents (PE) – Plants manufactured on site – Application, dimensioning, construction, and operation
- ÖNORM B 2505: Sewage treatment plants – Intermittently fed soil filters (“plant-based sewage treatment plants”) – Application, dimensioning, construction, operation, maintenance, and inspection
- ÖNORM B 2508: Wastewater treatment plants – Small wastewater treatment plants for 51 to 500 population equivalents – Supplementary provisions to ÖNORM EN 12255 (all parts) for planning, execution, testing, and operation
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